Murat 2

Murat II, sanjakbeyi of Amasya, ascended the throne in Bursa with the support of the Janissaries after the death of his father, Mehmet I. On the other hand Byzantine emperor freed prince Mustafa, the uncle of Murat II, announcing him as the son of Bayezid I’s son in order to recognise him as sultan in Rumelia and get support against Murat II. Byzantine emperor offered Gallipoli if Mustafa held the throne. But Murat II defeated his uncle Mustafa and killed him at 1422. He besieged Constantinople to punish Byzantines, Mustafa’s supporter, in 1422.

Thereupon, Prince Mustafa, Murat’s 13 year-old brother encouraged by Karamanids and Germiyanids, revolted against Murat II and besieged Bursa. Murat II returned and defeated Prince Mustafa and killed him in 1423. He moved to Anatolia in order to organise Turkish union and to punish the principalities that supported Prince Mustafa. Candarids accepted Ottoman suzerainty and the ruler Isfendiyar Bey accepted to send his soldiers to support the Ottomans. The principalities of Aydin, Mentese and Teke are ended in 1425. Germiyanids joined to the Ottomans in 1429 after the death of its ruler, Yakup Bey as legacy. In 1430, Murat II attacked Venetian’s Thessaloniki and captured the city as well as the North Greece’s important cities of Yanya and Serez were taken.

Serbians, Hungarians, Bosnians and Danubian Bulgaria were against the Ottoman suzerainty. The death of Hungarian king Sigismund in 1437 influenced the union in the Balkans and Ottoman forces took the Serbian despotate in 1439.

The Ottoman’s twice defeat by Voyvoda Hunyani Yanos (John Hunyadi) and the attacks of Karamanids through Bursa in 1443, the crusaders forced Murat II to make an agreement namely Edirne-Segedin (Szeged) in 1444.

According to the Agreement Ottomans suzerainty in Bulgaria recognised. Serbian despotate re-established and agreed to give tax. Danube would be the border of the both parties for 10 years.

Murat II returned to Anatolia and campaigned to Karamanids and took Aksehir, Konya and Beysehir . He left the throne to his twelve year-old son, Mehmet II, because of his disappointments in Balkania. In 1444, he retired into seclusion in Manisa